@Article{CintraBaAnSiGuReBo:2023:PrChCa,
               author = "Cintra, Isabela L. R. and Baldan, Maur{\'{\i}}cio Ribeiro and 
                         Anjos, Erick G. R. and Silva, Thais F. and Guerrini, Lilia M. and 
                         Rezende, Mirabel C. and Botelho, Edson C.",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)} and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (UNIFESP)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (UNIFESP)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} 
                         and {Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)}",
                title = "Processing and characterization of carbon nanofibers obtained from 
                         PAN/lignin blends processed by electrospinning",
              journal = "Polymer Engineering and Science",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "63",
               number = "4",
                pages = "1246--1262",
                month = "Apr.",
             keywords = "carbon nanofibers, carbonization, lignin, oxidative thermal 
                         stabilization, polyacrylonitrile.",
             abstract = "Blankets based on blends with different PAN/lignin ratios (10 and 
                         50% wt. of lignin) were processed via electrospinning. Then, the 
                         blankets obtained were thermally treated in order to produce 
                         samples of carbon nanofibers. The thermo-oxidative stabilization 
                         parameters were defined based on a 2(3)-factorial design. The 
                         samples, after stabilization, were analyzed by differential 
                         scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning 
                         electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared 
                         spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Based on the results, the best 
                         parameters for the stabilization of electrospun, blankets were 
                         selected, and subsequently, the most adequate carbonization 
                         parameters were established to obtain the carbon blankets. The 
                         carbonized blankets were characterized for electrical conductivity 
                         by impedance spectroscopy, chemical structure (Raman and FT-IR 
                         spectroscopies), crystallographic ordering by X-ray diffraction 
                         (XRD), and morphology (SEM). The results showed the feasibility of 
                         producing carbon blankets based on PAN/lignin blends. However, 
                         carbonized blankets showed low carbon yield (10-56%) and a 
                         decrease of up to 70% in fiber diameter. XRD and Raman 
                         spectroscopy showed that the structural ordering of carbon 
                         blankets presents different values according to the heat treatment 
                         parameters used (45-57%) and a poorly ordered structure, indicated 
                         by the ID/IG ratio.",
                  doi = "10.1002/pen.26279",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.26279",
                 issn = "0032-3888",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Polymer Engineering Sci - 2023 - Cintra - Processing and 
                         characterization of carbon nanofibers obtained from PAN 
                         lignin.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}